DIY Retaining Wall: Railroad Ties Made Easy!

For homeowners seeking durable and aesthetically pleasing landscaping solutions, railroad ties for retaining wall construction offers a versatile option. These reclaimed materials, often sourced from railroad companies, can be used to create robust structures capable of managing soil erosion. Understanding proper construction techniques and ensuring effective drainage are critical when building your own railroad ties for retaining wall to ensure long-term stability and prevent premature deterioration, this project, while manageable by a DIY enthusiast, requires attention to detail.

Image taken from the YouTube channel How To Video Channel , from the video titled How To Build A Retaining Wall With Wood Railroad Ties .

Building a Retaining Wall with Railroad Ties: A Step-by-Step Guide

This guide breaks down the process of building a retaining wall using railroad ties. It covers everything from planning and preparation to construction and backfilling, ensuring a sturdy and long-lasting structure. We will emphasize the use of railroad ties for retaining wall construction.

Planning Your Retaining Wall

Careful planning is crucial for a successful retaining wall project.

Determining Wall Height and Length

• Measure the Grade Change: Use a level and measuring tape to determine the height difference between the high and low points of the slope you intend to retain. This measurement will dictate the number of railroad ties needed per vertical row.

• Assess the Length: Decide on the desired length of the retaining wall. This will determine the total number of railroad ties required for each row.

• Consider Local Regulations: Research local building codes and permitting requirements for retaining walls. Some areas may require permits or have restrictions on wall height and proximity to property lines.

Choosing the Right Railroad Ties

• Condition: Inspect the railroad ties for excessive rot, insect damage, or splitting. While some weathering is expected, avoid ties that are significantly deteriorated.
• Size: Railroad ties typically come in standard sizes (e.g., 6 inches x 8 inches x 8 feet or 7 inches x 9 inches x 8.5 feet). Choose ties that are consistent in size for a uniform wall appearance.
• Treatment: Modern railroad ties may be treated with creosote or other preservatives. Wear appropriate protective gear (gloves, mask) when handling them. Consider alternatives if you’re concerned about chemical leaching into the soil, especially if you plan on planting vegetables near the wall.

Gathering Necessary Tools and Materials

• Tools:
  • Shovel
  • Wheelbarrow
  • Level (at least 4 feet long)
  • Measuring Tape
  • Circular Saw or Chainsaw
  • Drill with various sized drill bits
  • Sledgehammer or Maul
  • Tamper or Plate Compactor (for compacting the base)
  • Safety Glasses
  • Work Gloves
  • Dust Mask
• Materials:
  • Railroad Ties (calculate quantity based on wall dimensions)
  • Gravel (for the base and backfill) – Crushed rock is preferable for drainage.
  • Landscaping Fabric
  • Drainage Pipe (perforated, 4-inch diameter)
  • Rebar (½ inch diameter, cut to length)
  • Construction Adhesive or Landscape Screws (optional)

Constructing Your Retaining Wall

This section details the step-by-step construction process, specifically using railroad ties for retaining wall design.

Preparing the Base

1. Excavation: Dig a trench along the planned wall line. The trench should be deep enough to bury the first row of railroad ties at least partially (around 6 inches), providing stability. The trench width should be slightly wider than the width of the railroad ties to allow for proper compaction.
2. Compaction: Compact the soil at the bottom of the trench using a tamper or plate compactor. This creates a solid foundation for the gravel base.
3. Gravel Base: Add a layer of gravel (4-6 inches) to the bottom of the trench. This gravel layer provides drainage and helps prevent the railroad ties from sitting directly in the soil, which can accelerate rot.
4. Leveling: Ensure the gravel base is level using a level and adjusting as needed.

Installing the First Row

1. Placement: Place the first row of railroad ties in the trench, ensuring they are level and aligned. Use a level to check both horizontally and vertically.
2. Securing (Optional): You can use construction adhesive between the ties in the first row to add extra stability. Alternatively, use landscape screws designed for treated wood.
3. Backfilling: Backfill behind the first row with gravel, compacting it thoroughly. This will provide support and drainage behind the wall.

Stacking Subsequent Rows

1. Offsetting: To create a strong, stable wall, stagger the seams between the railroad ties in each row. This is similar to bricklaying.
2. Securing Rows: Use rebar to secure each row to the row below.
   • Drill holes through the top row of ties and partially into the row below.
   • Drive rebar through the holes and into the underlying ties using a sledgehammer.
   • Space the rebar approximately every 2-3 feet.
3. Drainage: As you build up the wall, install a perforated drainage pipe behind the wall, along the base. Connect this pipe to a suitable outlet to allow water to drain away from the wall.
4. Landscaping Fabric: Before backfilling each layer, lay landscaping fabric along the back of the wall to prevent soil from washing through the gaps. Overlap the fabric to ensure full coverage.
5. Backfilling and Compacting: Backfill behind each row with gravel, compacting it thoroughly. This is crucial for wall stability.

Finishing Touches

1. Capping (Optional): Consider capping the top row of railroad ties for a finished look. You can use additional railroad ties, treated lumber, or concrete caps.
2. Drainage Outlet: Ensure the drainage pipe has a clear outlet for water to escape. This prevents water from building up behind the wall and potentially causing damage.
3. Soil and Landscaping: Add topsoil in front of the wall and plant vegetation as desired. Choose plants that are suitable for the local climate and soil conditions. Avoid planting trees too close to the wall, as their roots can eventually damage the structure.

Addressing Common Challenges

Working with Heavy Railroad Ties

Railroad ties are extremely heavy. Use caution when lifting and moving them. Consider using equipment such as a small excavator or tractor to lift and position the ties. Get help from others whenever possible.

Ensuring Proper Drainage

Proper drainage is essential for the longevity of your retaining wall. Make sure the drainage pipe is functioning correctly and that the gravel backfill is providing adequate drainage. Inspect the drainage system periodically to ensure it is not clogged.

Dealing with Uneven Ground

If the ground is uneven, you may need to adjust the height of the first row of railroad ties to ensure the wall is level. Use additional gravel or soil to level the base as needed.

So, go ahead and give building a railroad ties for retaining wall a try! Just remember to plan carefully, take your time, and you’ll have a beautiful and functional retaining wall in no time. Happy building!